Evolution of Educational Technology:
- In the early period of human history, when writing was unknown, the method of presentation on the part of the teachers and citation and memorization on the part of the students was a common practice in almost all the civilizations of the world. Socrates' teacher-pupil oral dialogue system prevalent in the west and oral teaching tradition maintained by the ancient sages in the Gurukuls of our country may be cited as a testimony of the use of relevant technology in the field of teaching-learning at a particular age in the progress of human civilization.
- With the advent of writing as the means and materials of communication, like writing on the leaves and tree-trunks, engraving on the metals and rocks, and then the use of some type of paper and ink material provided the next breakthrough in the use of writing technology for teaching and learning. In the time to come, it provided a great impetus in the field of teaching and learning which witnessed the use of the subject matter available in the form of printing material and textbooks, a great scientific and technological advancement.
- The use of writing and printing technology then took its next leap in helping the cause of teaching and learning by being utilized in the production and use of the instructional material like chalk or blackboards, pictures, charts, models, maps, diagrams and other graphic material.
- Later on, with the industrial development and technical advancement, sophisticated scientific instruments, mass media and educational materials were used. It brought the use of sophisticated hardware and software such as radio, television, tape recorder, films, transparency, etc. in the field of education.
- The concept of programmed instruction and theories of learning, later on, added another dimension to the meaning and concept of educational technology. This was again broadened hen the new approaches in the form of system-approach, microteaching, interaction analysis and computer assisted instruction came into existence.